get the mathematical modulo: value mod mod.

modulo is different from javascript's % remainder operator in that the modulo operation always returns a positive number.

import { assertEquals } from "jsr:@std/assert"

assertEquals(modulo( 5, 3), 2)
assertEquals(modulo(-5, 3), 1)
assertEquals(modulo(-4, 3), 2)
assertEquals(modulo(-3, 3), 0)
assertEquals( 5 % 3, 2)
assertEquals(-5 % 3, -2)
assertEquals(-4 % 3, -1)
assertEquals(-3 % 3, -0)